{"id":36103,"date":"2025-01-07T08:02:25","date_gmt":"2025-01-07T08:02:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/?p=36103"},"modified":"2025-01-07T08:02:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T08:02:25","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a8-%d8%b6%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/?p=36103","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 &#8220;\u0636\u0645\u0647\u0627&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-36104\" src=\"http:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/e1d766b711adb935695af78cc59b6fe8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"913\" height=\"513\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; 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font-size: 14pt;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 (41 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 6 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 3 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06483 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646. \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/raw\/cpsprodpb\/ee10\/live\/9f98ddc0-cabd-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.jpg\" alt=\"\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642\" width=\"571\" height=\"612\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<footer><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/footer>\n<\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0646\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; 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font-size: 14pt;\">\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1497 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1610.<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0629 ( \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646). \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1608 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0647\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; 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font-size: 14pt;\">\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/raw\/cpsprodpb\/25cc\/live\/511009d0-cabd-11ef-94cb-5f844ceb9e30.jpg\" alt=\"\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1781\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<footer><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/footer><figcaption><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1781<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; 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font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1776\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 13 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 40 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u0634\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; 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font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631 (1805)\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0646\u0637\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; 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font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1813\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 30 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0632\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0622\u0631\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1814\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646 (\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627) \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1815\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1814\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1812\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/raw\/cpsprodpb\/82c8\/live\/993651e0-cab5-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg\" alt=\"\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<footer><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">BBC<\/span><\/footer>\n<\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1837 \u06481838 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0646\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1840\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u0634\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1847 \u06481848\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1864 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1867\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u0634\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 (\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1867\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/ \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1867. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/ \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 &#8220;\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; 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\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1864. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0631 72 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 100 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/raw\/cpsprodpb\/097f\/live\/191be430-cabe-11ef-94cb-5f844ceb9e30.jpg\" alt=\"\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\" width=\"434\" height=\"612\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<footer><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/footer><figcaption><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1867\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a 11 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1815\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645 11 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 10 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0625\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1871 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637 \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1885\u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 170 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648115 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/raw\/cpsprodpb\/8c27\/live\/e7435a90-cabf-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.jpg\" alt=\"\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\" width=\"612\" height=\"439\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<footer><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/footer><figcaption><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 7 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (1899-1902)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 260 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a (\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644) \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 600 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 8 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627) \u0641\u064a 8 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/ \u0622\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 11 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 60 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u064f\u0631\u062d 170 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0635\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/raw\/cpsprodpb\/d511\/live\/cf32a8b0-cac0-11ef-94cb-5f844ceb9e30.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\" width=\"291\" height=\"440\" \/><\/span><\/figure>\n<figure><figcaption><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1916\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0650\u062d\u064e\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 21 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1921 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0622\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062c\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 27 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1933\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1934 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1939.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/raw\/cpsprodpb\/b5e3\/live\/9bf98500-cabf-11ef-87df-d575b9a434a4.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1940 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0634\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\" width=\"612\" height=\"464\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<footer><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/footer><figcaption><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1940 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0634\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1939 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f (\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a 11.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 44 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u06451941\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1942\u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0630\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 130 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u063a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1943 \u06481944.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a 6 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/ \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1944\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0645 15 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1944 \u06481945 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a 8 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/ \u0622\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 6 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a 14 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643) \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u060c \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 21<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/raw\/cpsprodpb\/c667\/live\/e48f7aa0-cabe-11ef-9fd6-0be88a764111.jpg\" alt=\"\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &quot;\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627&quot;\" width=\"612\" height=\"408\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<footer><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Getty Images<\/span><\/footer><figcaption><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627&#8221;<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2014\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; 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font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Elaph<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 &#8220;\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0633\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644: &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645 51\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 60 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":36104,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[198],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-198"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36103"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36105,"href":"https:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36103\/revisions\/36105"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/36104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upndownbeirut.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}